ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are significant drug-drug interactions between human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral therapy and intranasal steroids, leading to high serum concentrations of iatrogenic steroids and subsequently Cushing's syndrome. METHOD: All articles in the literature on cases of intranasal steroid and antiretroviral therapy interactions were reviewed. Full-length manuscripts were analysed and the relevant data were extracted. RESULTS: A literature search and further cross-referencing yielded a total of seven reports on drug-drug interactions of intranasal corticosteroids and human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, published between 1999 and 2019. CONCLUSION: The use of potent steroids metabolised via CYP3A4, such as fluticasone and budesonide, are not recommended for patients taking ritonavir or cobicistat. Mometasone should be used cautiously with ritonavir because of pharmacokinetic similarities to fluticasone. There was a delayed onset of symptoms in many cases, most likely due to the relatively lower systemic bioavailability of intranasal fluticasone.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Cushing Syndrome/chemically induced , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , HIV , Administration, Intranasal , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adult , Cobicistat/administration & dosage , Cobicistat/adverse effects , Drug Interactions , Fluticasone/administration & dosage , Fluticasone/adverse effects , HIV Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Humans , Male , Ritonavir/administration & dosage , Ritonavir/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Transplantation , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Aged , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Cobicistat/administration & dosage , Colchicine/administration & dosage , Cytokines/metabolism , Darunavir/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Female , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Lopinavir/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Mycophenolic Acid/administration & dosage , Pandemics , Ritonavir/administration & dosage , SARS-CoV-2 , Tacrolimus/administration & dosage , Tacrolimus/blood , Transplant Recipients , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections who were admitted to an intensive care unit in Daegu, South Korea. The outcomes of patients who did (cases) or did not (controls) receive darunavir-cobicistat (800-150 mg) therapy were compared. Fourteen patients received darunavir-cobicistat treatment, and 96 received other antiviral therapy (controls). Overall, the darunavir-cobicistat group comprised patients with milder illness, and the crude mortality rate of all patients in the darunavir-cobicistat group was lower than that in the controls [odds ratio (OR) 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.89, p=0.035]. After 1:2 propensity-score matching, there were 14 patients in the darunavir-cobicistat group, and 28 patients in the controls. In propensity score-matched analysis, the darunavir-cobicistat group had lower mortality than the controls (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.52, p=0.009). In conclusion, darunavir-cobicistat therapy was found to be associated with a significant survival benefit in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.